The Immune System Essay -- essays research papers

The Immune System   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The immune system is a group of cells, molecules, and tissues that help defend the body against diseases and other harmful invaders. The immune system provides protection against a variety of potentially damaging substances that can invade the body. These substances include disease-causing organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. The body's ability to resist these invaders is called immunity. A key feature of the immune system is its ability to destroy foreign invaders while leaving the body's own healthy tissues alone. Sometimes, however, the immune system attacks and damages these healthy tissues. This reaction is called an autoimmune response or autoimmunity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The immune system is composed of many parts that work together to fight infections when pathogens or poisons invade the human body. Pathogens are disease-causing organisms such as bacteria and viruses. The immune system reacts to foreign substances through a series of steps know as the immune response. Any agent perceived as foreign by a body's immune system is called an antigen. Several types of cells may be involved in the immune response to antigens.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When an antigen enters the body, it may be partly neutralized by components of the innate immune system. It may be attacked by phagocytes or by performed antibodies that act together with the complement system. The human immune system cont...

Sociologist Karl Marx

A Brief Introduction Mr. Jeff Riddle April 29th, 2009 There are three major theories that depict how sociologists view the world. The theories are functionalist, conflict, and interaction theory. Each of these has its own viewpoints of how people affect society, and how society affects the people. Each theory has its own group of sociologist to go with it. The theory that a sociologist picks to back has an effect on how they do research and how they look at problems. Schaefer) The first theory is Structural Functional Theory, or functionalism. Functionalism is one of the oldest theories, and is still used today. In functionalism society is made up of different parts, and these parts work together to keep the society stable. Functionalism relies very much on the scientific method. By relying on the scientific method, the study of sociology can be observed in the same way one would view the physical world. (McClelland) In functionalism, change is said to happen when pressure is put on individuals by social structures.This is what is known as a macro theory. Macro theories work from the society downward, the society forces the people to change, not the people change society. The next theory is conflict theory. In opposition to functionalism, when society exists in a state of balance and stability, conflict theory says that society is better described as existing in a state of constant struggle and conflict between two groups. Conflict theory has been growing it popularity since the late 1960s.Many social and economical problems such as, civil rights movements, and political battles, have given prime examples of the conflict between the two groups, reinforcing conflict theory. Marx says there is a constant struggle between the haves, and the have-nots. In a capitalistic society, groups interact in a destructive way. (Schaefer) They do this by the more powerful group exploiting the lower group in order to become more powerful. This is what causes the unbalance in po wer. The next theory is Interactionist or Symbolic Interaction Perspective.This theory is different from the other two because instead of working from the society down in a macro prospective, it works from the individual up, in a micro prospective. Interactionists focus on the subject of human life at a personal level instead of at a social level. An interactionist wants to know what the person was feeling or how they were bothered by a particular situation. Society is made up of patterned and organized interactions on personal basis. Because of this the research done by interactionists can be done at a face-to-face level also instead of focusing on the group or groups within society. McClelland) All interactions and reactions between individuals shape the way society works. An interaction can be any contact; this includes all language and symbols. This is because interactionists want to understand each individual in society, because understanding the individuals will show you how t hey shape society in the end. (McClelland) In conclusion, these different theories give sociologist a basis to work from. They do play a major role in the way a sociologist conducts research, or gathers information in other ways.Not any of the three theories can be said to be correct in a whole, but sociologists can use all of them to better understand a situation and draw conclusions about it. The theories allow sociologists to develop different viewpoints and find the tendencies between them. References Berlin, Isaiah, and Alan Ryan. (1996). Karl Marx: His Life and Environment. New York: Oxford University Press. Schaefer, Richard T. (2008). Sociology. New York: McGraw-Hill. Stanford Encyclopedia Of Philosophy. (2008). Karl Marx. http://www. laspositascollege. edu/library/cited_APA_examples. php#anchorInternet

Human Rights and Right of Privacy - 3471 Words

HUMAN RIGHTS AND RIGHT OF PRIVACY Prasanta Kumar Dey â€Å"Civilization is the progress towards a society of privacy. The savage’s whole existence is public ruled by law of his tribe. Civilization is the process of setting man free from men† - Ayn Rand : The Fountain head, 1943. The idea of privacy is as old as Bibalical notion of creation of progenies on earth. Even Adam and Eve tried to hide their nudity with leaves. Privacy is vital to the mental spiritual and physical well being of all individuals and also to the morality and personality of individual . It is necessary for a secure relationship between individual and individual whether it is between man and wife, son and father or a friend and friend. In other†¦show more content†¦Right to Privacy in India: The concept of privacy was better known in ancient India than elsewhere when the Vedas began to originate Dharmashastras codified the concept of privacy and their commentaries expanded the Law of Privacy. In his Arthashastra Kautilya prescribed procedure to ensure privacy in consultation with his ministers. Though we come across certain legislative provisions for the protection of privacy interests such as Section 509 of the Indian Penal Code, Section 18 of the Indian Easement Act (1882), Section 26, 164 (3) and 165 of the Criminal Procedure Code (1898). We find that the term ‘Privacy’ is not legislatively defined. Nor do we find any definition of this term in the judicial pronouncement. Though right to privacy has not been mentioned in the chapter of Fundamental Rights under the Indian Constitution but its value have been recognized and emphasized by Justice Subha Rao in Kharak Sigh vs. U. P. and Justice Mathew in Govind vs. M. P. Right to privacy has been called out of the provisions of Article 21 and other provisions of the Constitution relating to Fundamental Rights read and with Directive Principles of State Policy. It was in this context held by the court in Kharak Sing vs. State of U. P. that police surveillance of a person by domiciliary visit would be violative of Article 21 of the Constitution. Mathew Justice considered this decision in his classicShow MoreRelatedPrivacy Is A Fundamental Value Of Human Right1098 Words   |  5 Pagespriorities for the name of common good too, right? But there is a borderline between what an individual should and shouldn’t give up. For example, privacy rights. In most cases, people would claim that they have nothin g to hide, but the definition of privacy is not covering the atrocious. Privacy is a fundamental value of human right; it is our defense and space permitted to us of being ourselves. The right to privacy is to forestall the invasion of privacy by other people and the government to haveRead MoreThe Right Of Privacy : A Human Right And An Element Of Various Legal Traditions1324 Words   |  6 PagesThe Right to Privacy can be described as a human right and an element of various legal traditions which may restrain both government and private party action that threatens the privacy of individuals. On the topic of an individual s Right to Privacy, there comes controversy. Some would argue that it is a right and others would say it is a privilege. Those that say it is a privilege, would argue that the Right to Privacy can be taken from anyone at anytime without their consent. On the flip sideRead MoreEssay on Brief History and Introduction of Privacy and Human Rights2741 Words   |  11 PagesBrief History and Introduction of Privacy and Human Rights From Article 21 of the Japan Constitution states, â€Å"Freedom of assembly and association as well as speech, press and all other forms of expression are guaranteed. No censorship shall be maintained, nor shall the secrecy of any means of communication be violated.† Article 35 states, â€Å"The right of all persons to be secure in their homes, papers and effects against entries, searches and seizures shall not be impaired except upon warrantRead MoreEmployee Privacy Rights Human Resource managers and their staff members have to be sure to be up to600 Words   |  3 PagesEmployee Privacy Rights Human Resource managers and their staff members have to be sure to be up to date on all of the pertinent laws and regulations so that they can recognize the importance and need for discretion when handling all types of information about employees of the organization. The federal Privacy Act of 1974 heightened awareness and increased attention to privacy with regards to identity theft in recent years. What this means is that while the act applies to almost exclusively maintainingRead MoreCelebrities Should Have More Privacy Rights1037 Words   |  5 PagesPersuasive Speech Outline Topic: Celebrities Should Have More Privacy Rights General Purpose: To Persuade Specific Purpose: To persuade to my audience that celebrities should have more privacy rights. Thesis: Celebrities are human beings, and deserve the right to live their personal life privately like any other average human being. Introduction A.) Attention Getter: Let s be honest; Most of us can be a little addicted to social media, gossip and juicy details about what celebrities do in theirRead MorePrivacy And The Fundamental Right1507 Words   |  7 PagesAssessment 2 Privacy is a term which protects our personal information from others. It’s our decision where, when, with who we want to share our personal information. Privacy is considered as our fundamental right (UN Declaration of Human rights) which refers to freedom of speech, freedom of keeping information secret from others (David Banisar, Simon Davies). Privacy violation is becoming major concern. Now in these days almost constitution of every country privacy is considered human right. GovernmentsRead More Patients Rights Essay1618 Words   |  7 Pagescultivated the patients’ rights movement. Individuals sought to become proactive in the healthcare and the healing process of their bodies. Because the medical practice was evolving rapidly in technology and specialized care, patients’ healthcare and rights became a major concern that needed to be addressed. In 1973 the American Hospital Association published a patients’ bill of rights that provided the patient with most advantageous healthcare available. This bill of rights required all accreditedRead MoreThe Right Of Privacy, By Richard Posner1460 Words   |  6 PagesIn â€Å"The Right of Privacy,† Richard Posner argues that, â€Å"the law should in general accord private business information greater protection than it accords personal information. Secrecy is an important method of appropria ting social benefits to the entrepreneur who creates them while in private life it is more likely to conceal discreditable facts† (Posner 404). However, his argument is flawed, because it denigrates individuals, diminishing the value of their privacy in order to place the corporateRead MoreMicrochips in humans1002 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Microchips in Humans In today’s society, technology continues to find new ways to protect our children and families. Several devises have already been developed to track children when they are away from home. These devises work by GPS signal to track the movement of the child and are worn externally or are imbedded in an item of clothing. There are also GPS devices already approved for implantation in humans. VeriChip was the only Food and Drug Administration-approved human-implantable microchipRead MoreThe Debate Of Security Versus Privacy Essay1257 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"does our right to privacy still matter?†. The NSA claims to be doing this in order to protect the rights of citizens, not dissipate them. The debate of security versus privacy† has evolved into a choice between liberty and totalitarian control. Even if tyranny arises due to a global threat, once it’s established, the people are without a voice. Liberty requires security without intrusion, security plus privacy. Even if people have nothing to hide, they should hold onto their rights to privacy as it

The Improving the Traditional Business Practice by Knowledge Management Arrangement Free Essay Example, 2000 words

The term knowledge management encompasses various attributes such as data, information, and knowledge. Data are the collection of unrefined facts demonstrating events occurring in corporations or the physical environment before they have been refined and organized into a form that people can identify and make use of it. And information is the collection of data that have been changed into a structure that is useful and serviceable to human beings (Laudon Laudon, 1999, p. 7; Norton, 2001, p. Finally, the knowledge is a collection of data and/or information that have been transformed and processed to offer understanding, experience, learning, and expertise as they apply to a current situation or job. Moreover, the data that are processed to recover important ideas and to reveal past expertise and experiences present the management with organizational knowledge, which is very helpful and precious (Turban, Leidner, McLean, Wetherbe, 2005, p. According to (Alwis Hartmann, 2008), the r esearchers and managers have acknowledged knowledge as a most important source of competitive advantage. Additionally, the knowledge is a potentially most important asset to the corporation as it can hold precious, unusual, unique and non-substitutable features mainly if it has a tacit aspect. We will write a custom essay sample on The Improving the Traditional Business Practice by Knowledge Management Arrangement or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Knowledge management supports an integrated idea to recognizing, storing, accessing, distributing, and assessing a corporation s information assets .

Cosmetic Surgery and Middle-Aged Women - 706 Words

Cosmetic Surgery Middle Aged Women An article in the peer-reviewed journal Psychology of Women Quarterly examined the attitudes of middle aged women (between 35 and 55 years of age) by asking 108 women in that age group to complete a questionnaire. The questionnaire probed into issues related to women who are getting up in years, including: a) potential body dissatisfaction; b) their physical appearance investment; c) the possibility of anxiety related to aging; d) media exposure (in magazines and on television) (Slevec, et al, 2010, p. 65). The questionnaire also queried these 108 women on their attitudes regarding cosmetic surgery; are they generally in favor or against cosmetic surgery, are they motivated socially to try and improve their appearance, and have they actually considered having this kind of surgery done? The authors research shows that, without any doubt at all, body dissatisfaction is a motivating factor for women when it comes to cosmetic surgery as the authors put it, surgical enhancement (Slevec, 65). Both younger women and middle aged women are having cosmetic surgical procedures done in order to improve their appearance. This is the first component of the presentation appearance evaluation and there is no doubt that appearance evaluation plays a powerful role in womens decisions vis-à  -vis cosmetic surgery. But regarding the second component, appearance investment the degree to which an individuals †¦attention, thoughts, and actionsShow MoreRelatedCosmetic Surgery for Middle-Aged Women Essay example2262 Words   |  10 Pagestowards cosmetic surgery women. The key question which I will be analyzing will be on (why do early middle age women go though cosmetic surgery?). I will use the current issues in cultural consumer and historic affect on cosmetic surgery for early m iddle age women. I will be using recent theories and literature on identifying the key elements such as, (body image, aging anxiety, being overweight, media exposure, body dissatisfaction, also a feminist and post feminist perspective of cosmetic surgeryRead More`` Dad, Can I Please Get A Nose Job?1512 Words   |  7 Pagescelebrities who have gotten plastic surgery, and even my friends who never had plastic surgery, had a cute, smooth, feminine nose. I wanted to look like them—I wanted my nose to fit in with all the other girls’ noses. No one would even second-guess a teenager getting a nose job in Los Angeles because it has become apart of the culture. Growing up in L.A. I have been surrounded by the entertainment industry my entire life—it is filled with a plethora of women who have also gone under the knife inRead MoreMedias Destructive Influence on Women Essay1215 Words   |  5 Pagestruly harmful. It is common to see women exploited in reality TV shows and music videos. Young women are also influenced by the images that they see in commercials, billboards, internet sites, and movies. These images serve to harm a woman’s self confidence and also are affecting their overall health. Today’s mass media messages are having a negative effect on how women perceive themselves. I would like to propose a project which involves analyzing several women, of many different age groups, acrossRead MoreStaying Young And Looking `` Beautiful ``1097 Words   |  5 Pagestwenty-first century, many more ant i-aging treatments have been developed. For example, â€Å"an obsession with a youthful appearance has become commonplace in modern society and has resulted in an upswing in cosmetic procedure trying to revers the aging process† (Honigman Castle, 2006). Cosmetic procedures seem to be taking a new swing from just looking physically beautiful to a more mental aspect. To illustrate, beauty is a new indicator of social worth due to the significant development over theRead MoreThe Media Images Of Beauty1665 Words   |  7 PagesPeople bombarded by images of men and women who are thin, beautiful, and youthful. This norm is slowly taking away an individual’s freedom of self-expression and consequently lose sense of self-worth. Camille Paglia, an academic and social critic who earned her PhD at Yale University, uses her artistic sensibility to argue that the current trend of plastic surgery leads to ethical issues, such as narcissism, sexism, and racism in â€Å"The Pitfa ll of Plastic Surgery†. Meanwhile, Daniel Akst, New York bornRead MoreThe Perception Of Age For The American People908 Words   |  4 Pagestend to be youth obsessed in unequal terms. To women reaching forty and beyond, today s culture wishes to sell her the perfected youth she never had. They do this by suggesting tips, surgery, dietary habits and this persuasive belief as to if she does not achieve the society recommended ideal of youth, she is cast aside. Statistics paint a story. Taken from the article Breasts, buttocks and botox- the surprising trends in plastic surgery, Botox cosmetic procedures, used to help remove wrinkles, areRead MorePoem Essay In Barbie Doll By Marge Piercy961 Words   |  4 Pagesputs on young women to achieve the unrealistic image of an ideal body increases the amount of bullying girls experience which causes a drastic increase of suicide, eating disorders, and unnecessary surgeries. Bullying is often defined as unprovoked and unwanted aggressive behavior repeatedly carried out among victims who are either unable or choose not to defend themselves. Unfortunately, bullying is common which has been proven through a survey concluding that 30% of middle school aged girls experienceRead MorePro Teen Plastic Surgery Debate Information3238 Words   |  13 PagesCurrent event- Historical event- She is just 14, going to undergo plastic surgery. her face bears the painful-looking raised scars and puckered skin of a burn victim. Blikis was burned in an acid attack. Acid eating through the skin on their faces, destroying cartilage and bone in minuetes. As she waits for her first surgery to help restore her face and her future. Driscoll, Amy. World of Hope for Acid Attack Victim. Miami Herald (Miami, FL). 15 Jul 2001: 1B+. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web.Read MoreHow Does Soociety Respond to the Media ´s Portrayal or What is Beautiful?559 Words   |  2 Pagestoday’s adults. According to the American Society of Plastic surgery (ASPA) 14.6 million cosmetic surgery procedures were performed in the United States in 2012. This is a 5 percent increase since 2011. The constant media advertisement of weight loss, sex appeal, and cosmetically enhanced beauty often leads to unrealistic standards of beauty and dissatisfaction in personal appearance. This overexposure to Hollywood beauty causes women to wonder how come they don’t look like that and often leavesRead MoreBarbie Doll Syndrome998 Words   |  4 Pagessmall or those shaped in an unnatural way will cause deformities,† she adds.    Pamela Davis, M.D. - Foot amp; Ankle Specialists, Davenport, IA â€Å"Women are binding their feet† The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society found in a survey about 80% of women had foot pain and that 59% of women wear uncomfortable shoes for at least an hour a day, either for professional or fashion reasons. Dr. Davis sees the painful result frequently. â€Å"Unfortunately

Artificial Intelligence For Utility And Threat To Humanity Or Not

Question: Write about theArtificial Intelligence for a Threat to Humanity or Not? Answer: Introduction Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the theory and development of computer systems in such a manner than they become able to perform the simple to complex tasks without human intervention. There are a number of innovative applications that have been developed with the aid of artificial intelligence and the same have benefitted different users across the globe. There is a continuous debate between the utility and threats of artificial intelligence. There are groups that believe that machines can never be as close as humans in terms of operations and decision making. On the other hand, there are many who have researched and have come to the conclusion that further advancements in the field of artificial intelligence can be a great threat to the human race. Artificial intelligence can be dangerous if and only if goes in the wrong hands. AI has made it possible to develop machines that can think for themselves and are enabled with programmes that allow them to apply logics and rationality to the situations (Martin, 2016). However, there is no element of emotions of ethical component present in the functioning of these machines. They still do not have the ability to differentiate between right and wrong on the basis of factors such as morality, virtues, emotions and likewise. It is this component of the AI enabled machines that can be a major t hreat for the environment and human race. This component is often misused and misinterpreted by many that lead to the presence of a number of threats and risks associated with AI (Shead, 2016). There are entities that may take advantage of these machines and use them for their personal motives and benefits. The entities that are involved behind the development of the algorithms and the ones that find the capabilities to use and implement the same can be the major threat agents involved in the execution of threats. For instance, there may be an individual or a group of individuals or organization that may develop a robot having the artificially intelligent programs and codes implemented. The robot may be specifically designed to cause harm to a particular community or environment or for some other purpose that may not benefit the human race or the environment associated with the same. It will also be difficult to put a check on the once developed machine later on to make changes to the same or control the devastations. These threats can be controlled and prevented by understanding the risks that the incorrect and inaccurate use of artificial intelligence may bring up (Yudkow sky, 2016). There shall always be the element of legal consideration and ethical practices that shall be present during the design and development of any of the AI applications. The developers and the designers must always be made aware of the potential risks and threats associated with the technology. Government agencies also need to come up with regulatory policies to make sure that the application of artificial intelligence remains a boon and does not turn in to a threat for the society. References Martin, S. (2016). Artificial intelligence poses HUGE threat to humanity if in wrong hands, scientist warns. [online] Express.co.uk. Available at: https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/668886/AI-major-threat-microsoft-artificial-intelligence [Accessed 14 Oct. 2016]. Shead, S. (2016). Over a third of people think AI poses a threat to humanity. [online] Business Insider. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.in/Over-a-third-of-people-think-AI-poses-a-threat-to-humanity/articleshow/51359827.cms [Accessed 14 Oct. 2016]. Yudkowsky, E. (2016). Artificial Intelligence as a Positive and Negative Factor in Global Risk. [online] Available at: https://intelligence.org/files/AIPosNegFactor.pdf [Accessed 14 Oct. 2016].

The World Distribution of Population Essay Example

The World Distribution of Population Essay The world distribution of population is as important as the world distribution of areas of tectonic activity in predicting the hazards of volcanic activity. Discuss this statement (40 marks) A hazard is a danger or risk and a natural disaster deals out a great number. It can be hypothesised that the greatest hazards posed by natural disasters are upon humans, so in knowing where populations are located we can predict the risks of volcanic activity. Hence, it appears common sense would dictate the statement to be entirely true, however, with the addition of a distinction between two arguments it is not always the case.The first states that in a dense area the main hazard is high death tolls, infrastructure loss, famine and epidemics, so distribution of population is vitally important, but the second identifies how in areas of sparse population, other severe effects will occur so population distribution is limited in its predictive advantage; additional effects being those on an international scale, environmental and supply side shocks. Population distribution refers to the patterns of people spread across a given area, often associated with population density (the average number of people per square kilometre).The map below shows how populations are mostly concentrated near coastlines and in habitable environments (i.e. We will write a custom essay sample on The World Distribution of Population specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The World Distribution of Population specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The World Distribution of Population specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Europe rather than the Arctic Circle), overall. Further to this, 50.5% live in urban areas and world population is highly concentrated in areas rich in resources (coal, oil, minerals, fishing) and temperate in climate. The reason being that people need a source of income,provided by natural resources to some extent, whilst temperate climates provide rain and heat for growing crops, essential for emerging developing economies and previously vital for the developed economies whose focuses now lie in secondary, tertiary or quaternary sectors.Tectonic activity distribution refers to how the movements in the Earths plates lead to distinctive areas and patterns where seismic activity occurs, leading to events such as tsunamis, volcanoes and earthquakes. In the map below, it is evident that these features of tectonic activity, occur along plate boundaries as these are the causation for seismic activity. A particularly area of distribution is the Ring of Fire because it exemplifies the connection between the risks associated with high density areas of population and seismic activity combined.In laying home to over 800 million people, 90% of world earthquake activity and 50% of the worlds active volcanoes; the links between the two variables needed to calculate risk are impossible to ignore. From the detailed comparison of the maps above, the West coasts of South America and North America and the Ring of Fire region have both density of volcanoes and people; strong positive correlation between the two variables implicit of how both are necessary in hazard prediction. However, the volcanoes will always stay in situe so the dynamic changes of population density do appear more dominant in terms of volcanic hazards.In using the population trends stated previously there are a great many factors drawing people into areas of seismic activity so population distribution is only going to increa se in density within seismic prone areas, so human dispersion is vital in recognising both future and current hazards. All preceding knowledge is summed up in Kofi Annans assessment:At no time in human history have so many people lived in cities clustered around seismically active areasPoor land-use planning; environmental mismanagement; and a lack of regulatory mechanisms both increase the risk and exacerbate the effects of disasters, which clearly illustrates the relationship between volcanic disasters, populations, planning and development; demonstrating the vital influence of population change in risk reduction.Furthermore, humans being the victims of the greatest hazard is emphatic given half a billion people live in spitting distance of active volcanoes. Therefore, all such theory leads me to exemplify the two arguments stated previously: In light of the first argument, the main hazard to any natural disaster is humans, so in densely populated areas their location must be take n into account. In the case of the Mount Nyiragongo eruption (Congo), its proximity to the dense population of the city of Goma, 16km south-west of the volcano, increased hazards. With a population of 500,000 people, 147 were killed because the 40mph lava flows reached the densely populated area quickly.1/3 of Goma was destroyed along with 14 villages along the path to Goma, from the Volcano and through the valley. Therefore, such an eruption would have benefited from focus on the population dispersion analysis rather than just when the volcano would erupt because evacuations needed to have been put in place. The pseudo-mathematical equation for risk Risk = Hazard x Value x Vulnerability / Capacity (Value indicating the elements at risk (number of human lives, economic value of property, etc., while vulnerability refers to factors which increase the susceptibility to he impact of hazards) highlights how the number of human lives and property at risk and the susceptibility of these i ndividuals is a bigger factor than the simplicity of seismic activity distribution because the environment can recoup and the volcano is the effector not the effected. More importantly, the density of Value and Vulnerability